Usage of the term middlebrow is derogatory, as in Virginia Woolf's unsent letter to the New Statesman, written in the 1930s and published in The Death of the Moth and Other Essays (1942). Lowbrow is the opposite of highbrow, and between those brows is the middlebrow, which term describes the mediocre culture that has neither high expectations nor low expectations as culture. The term was popularized in 1902 by Will Irvin, a reporter for The Sun of New York City, who adhered to the phrenological notion of more intelligent people having high foreheads. The first usage in print of highbrow was recorded in 1884. The term highbrow is considered by some (with corresponding labels as 'middlebrow' 'lowbrow') as discerning or selective and highbrow is currently distanced from the writer by quotation marks: "We thus focus on the consumption of two generally recognised 'highbrow' genres-opera and classical". "Highbrow" can be applied to music, implying most of the classical music tradition to literature-i.e., literary fiction and poetry to films in the arthouse line and to comedy that requires significant understanding of analogies or references to appreciate.
The term, first recorded in 1875, draws its metonymy from the pseudoscience of phrenology, which teaches that people with large foreheads are more intelligent. Used colloquially as a noun or adjective, " highbrow" is synonymous with intellectual as an adjective, it also means elite, and generally carries a connotation of high culture. Philip Melanchthon, engraving by Albrecht Dürer, 1526
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